Ginkgo biloba leave extract is among the most widely sold herbal dietary supplements in the United States. Its purported biological effects include: scavenging free radical; lowering oxidative stress; reducing neural damages, reducing platelets aggregation; anti-inflammation; anti-tumor activities; and anti-aging.
There are several specifications about Ginkgo Biloba Extract.
Details about product specifications are as follows: 24% Total flavonoids/6% Ginkgolide.
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The purported therapeutic efficacy of Ginkgo biloba leave extract is likely contributed by the terpene trilactones (ginkolides and bilobalide) and the flavonoid glycosides. Thus, the standardized and the commercial extracts of ginkgo leave contain 22–27% flavone glycosides and 5–7% terpene lactones .Alkylphenol and alkylbenzoic acid derivatives, which have allergic, immunotoxic, and other undesirable properties, are completely removed from the extracts.Its flavonoids components are believed to act in protecting against capillary fragility, as antioxidants, as anti-inflammatory agents, in reducing edema caused by tissue injury, and as free radical scavengers.
Their biological effects include the following:
1. Improvement of Blood Flow
It is purported that Ginkgo biloba leave extract can improve blood flow by increasing red blood cell deformability and decreasing red cell aggregation, and thus, improves red blood cell fluidity and decreases whole blood viscosity.
2. Antagonism and Anti-inflammatory Effect
It has been purported that the administration of Ginkgo biloba leave extract resulted in decreases in platelet aggregation, allergic reaction, general inflammatory response, oxygen radical discharge and other proinflammatory functions of macrophages . The effects appear to be attributed to the combined actions of ginkgolides and flavonoids.
3. Antioxidant (Radical Scavenging) and its Beneficial Health Effects
The flavonol glycosides and proanthocyanidins have free radical-scavenging activity, and thus may play a protective role in the prevention of the atherosclerotic processes and improving conditions resulting from oxidative stress . Scavenging superoxide, hydroxyl, and peroxyl radicals and nitric oxide may affect signal transduction.
Treatment with Ginkgo biloba can be traced to the origins of Chinese medicine 2,800 years ago. In the modern Chinese pharmacopeia, leaves and fruit are still recommended for treating heart and lung (asthma and bronchitis) problems. The nut, called PakKo, is recommended to expel phlegm, stop wheezing and coughing, urinary incontinence, and spermatorrhea. The raw seed is said to be anticancerous. It is said to help bladder ailments, menorrhea, uterine fluxes, and cardiovascular ailments. The powdered leaf is inhaled for ear, nose, and throat disorders like bronchitis and chronic rhinitis.